Search results for "Expert witness"
showing 4 items of 4 documents
PROVA TECNICA E CONTRADDITTORIO NEL PROCESSO PENALE
2023
When science and the criminal process come into contact, cognitive mechanisms are set in motion aimed at reorganizing knowledge belonging to worlds other than the legal one. In this context, the actors of the trial scene are forced to move on a hybrid terrain in which judicial epistemology and scientific epistemology mix. Such a fascinating picture pushes the scholar of the criminal process to seek interpretations suitable for explaining the multiple dilemmas that the phenomenon entails. Starting from a historical-legislative excursus of the expert evidence, the proposed analysis examines the different channels through which expert knowledge enters the process, starting from the investigati…
Expert witness in paternity testing in Germany.
2003
In Germany, paternity testing can be ordered by a judge as well as by private persons. In the case of private counselling, the expert has the duty to inform the parties on all medical, legal and ethical aspects. Informed consent must be given by each individual included in an exploration of family relationships. Due to the rapid progress of DNA typing in even minute amounts after polymerase chain reaction amplification, genotypes of short tandem repeat systems can be elicited by extraction from single cells. Therefore, the number of unlawful investigations of paternal relationships is steadily increasing. Here the requirements for paternity testing laboratories and sanctions for unlawful ex…
Classrooms, Salons, Academies, and Courts: Mateu Orfila (1787–1853) and Nineteenth-Century French Toxicology
2014
AbstractThis paper analyses the connections between nineteenth-century courtrooms, academies, and laboratories by focusing on the life and works of Mateu Orfila (1787–1853), one of the most famous nineteenth-century toxicologists. At the apex of his career, Orfila moved regularly between his laboratory and his chair at the Paris Faculty of Medicine to meetings of the Academy of Medicine, and the courtrooms in which he was frequently called upon as an expert witness in murder trials. Tracing Orfila's biographical path, this paper deals with four main sites of nineteenth-century toxicology: classrooms, salons, academies, and courtrooms. These sites are understood as both tangible places, whos…
Psoriasis predisposition and occupational triggering factors in the appraisal of occupational medical expertises
2014
Summary Background Psoriasis is an immune-mediated disease with a genetic background. Local psoriatic changes can be triggered by exogenous mechanical or irritant factors. Causative occupational factors have to be distinguished from the spontaneous course of psoriasis in occupational medical evaluations. The objective of this work is to demonstrate the medico-legal grounds for a homogenous assessment. Patients and methods The presented recommendations were developed in a working group for Occupational and Environmental Dermatology (ABD) and the German contact dermatitis group (DKG) of the German Dermatologic Society (DDG) based on the German medico-legal framework. Results Causality between…